Have you woken up one morning, and your joints feel stiff, swollen, and painful? The usual movements that once seemed effortless now feel like a challenge. This is the daily reality for millions of people living with arthritis. However, arthritis isn’t just one disease; it encompasses different types. Let's understand the two types of arthritis, how they differ, their symptoms, and the available treatment options to help manage them effectively.
What distinguishes Osteoarthritis from Rheumatoid arthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may both impact the joints, but their causes, symptoms, and progression are quite different.
- Osteoarthritis is often described as a "wear-and-tear" condition. It happens when the cartilage that provides cushioning for the joints gradually wears down. As a result, bones can rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement. OA tends to affect joints that bear weight, like the hips, knees, and spine and often worsens with age.
- In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis is classified as an autoimmune disorder. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, especially the lining of joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. RA is systemic, meaning it can affect not only joints but also other organs, such as the heart and lungs. Unlike OA, RA can impact multiple joints and lead to severe deformities if left untreated.
What are the early signs of arthritis?
Arthritis often begins with subtle signs, which can make it difficult to recognise in its early stages. Here are some common early symptoms:
- Joint stiffness and pain: This is one of the most prominent symptoms, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling: Inflamed joints may appear puffy, especially in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Limited range of motion: You may see a reduction in how freely you can move your joints as the disease progresses.
- Warmth and redness: In some cases, especially with RA, affected joints might feel warm and look red.
- Fatigue and malaise: People with RA may also experience general tiredness, low-grade fever, or weight loss.
If you notice any of these symptoms regularly, it's a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider to determine if arthritis is the cause.
What causes arthritis?
The root causes of arthritis vary depending on the type:
- Osteoarthritis is typically associated with ageing, as well as joint injuries or overuse. Being overweight also increases the risk, as it places extra stress on weight-bearing joints.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is driven by an abnormal immune response, where the body’s immune system attacks its own joints. Genetic factors, environmental triggers (like smoking), and even hormonal changes are believed to contribute to RA.
How is arthritis diagnosed?
Diagnosing arthritis usually begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. Your doctor may ask to do several tests to confirm the diagnosis:
- Imaging tests: X-rays and MRIs can help assess joint damage and inflammation.
- Blood tests: In cases of RA, blood tests may show markers such as rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-CCP antibodies, which indicate the immune system’s involvement.
- Joint fluid analysis: A fluid sample from the affected joint can help differentiate arthritis from other conditions like infections or gout.
Once diagnosed, your doctor may recommend the best arthritis medicine tailored to your specific type of arthritis.
What treatment options are available for arthritis?
Treating arthritis typically involves a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, surgery.
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are frequently advised to alleviate pain and inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as Tofacitinib, can slow the progression of the disease. Xeljanz 5mg Tablet is one such DMARD that is used to manage RA.
- Physical therapy: Exercises designed to improve joint flexibility and the muscles surrounding the joints can be very beneficial. A physical therapist can tailor a program that works for your specific condition.
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy, normal weight is crucial, particularly in osteoarthritis, as it reduces the strain on joints. Low-impact exercises like swimming, cycling, and walking can keep joints mobile without causing damage.
- Surgery: For severe cases, joint replacement surgery, especially for hips or knees, may be necessary to restore function and reduce pain.
How can arthritis pain be managed?
Managing arthritis pain effectively can significantly improve your quality of life. Here are a few strategies that can help:
- Hot and cold therapy: Applying heat to stiff joints can improve flexibility, while cold packs can reduce inflammation and numb sore areas.
- Over-the-counter pain relief: NSAIDs or acetaminophen can help manage mild to moderate pain.
- Alternative treatments: Some people find relief through acupuncture, massage therapy, or supplements like glucosamine or chondroitin.
- Exercise: Regular, gentle exercise keeps joints flexible and strengthens the muscles around them, reducing the stress on the joints.
Final thoughts
Whether you might be dealing with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, understanding these conditions and their differences is the first step toward better management. By adopting the right combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy, you can manage the symptoms and maintain an active, fulfilling life. Stay informed, work closely with your doctors, and remember, arthritis doesn’t define you; it’s just one part of your journey.
