02 Jul
02Jul

Pregnancy is one of the most delicate and joyful phases in a woman's life. But what if something invisible puts that joy at risk? Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a virus many have never even heard of, can silently harm both mother and baby. Most pregnant women may not even know they’ve been infected until complications arise.Here’s what every mum-to-be must know. This isn’t just another virus; it’s a hidden threat that deserves serious attention.

What is CMV, and why is it dangerous in pregnancy?

CMV is a common virus from the herpes family. While it doesn’t cause serious illness in healthy adults, it can be dangerous during pregnancy. If a woman gets infected with CMV for the first time while pregnant, the virus can pass to the unborn baby through the placenta. This is called congenital CMV.Babies born with CMV may have birth defects or long-term health problems. Hearing loss, vision issues, developmental delays, and seizures are among the potential risks. Unfortunately, most infected babies look normal at birth, making early detection hard.

How does CMV spread to pregnant women?

The virus spreads through bodily fluids like saliva, urine, blood, semen, and breast milk. Pregnant women often contract CMV by:

  • Close contact with young children, especially in daycare settings
  • Sharing utensils or toothbrushes
  • Kissing on the lips
  • Unprotected sexual contact

Toddlers with CMV can shed the virus for months. So, mums with toddlers at home or women working with children need to be extra careful.

What are the signs of CMV in pregnancy?

Here’s the scary part: CMV often shows no symptoms. If symptoms appear, they can feel like mild flu:

  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Sore throat
  • Swollen glands

These signs are easy to miss or dismiss during pregnancy. That’s why CMV is often left undiagnosed until complications arise in the baby.

How does CMV affect the baby’s development?

When a baby is infected with CMV in the womb, the outcomes vary. Some may have no issues. Others may face serious developmental and health problems such as:

  • Hearing loss (the most common long-term effect)
  • Poor growth in the womb
  • Seizures
  • Enlarged liver or spleen
  • Small head size (microcephaly)
  • Learning difficulties later in life

The severity depends on when the infection occurs during pregnancy. First-trimester infections are often the most dangerous.

Can CMV be prevented during pregnancy?

There’s no guaranteed way to prevent CMV, but you can reduce the risk with a few precautions:

  • Wash hands often, especially after changing nappies or wiping runny noses
  • Avoid sharing food, drinks, and utensils with children.
  • Kiss on the forehead instead of the lips.
  • Clean toys and surfaces regularly
  • Practice safe sex during pregnancy.

These simple steps can go a long way in lowering the chances of catching CMV.

Is there a test for CMV during pregnancy?

Yes, but it’s not a routine test. If a pregnant woman shows symptoms or if there’s concern, doctors might order:

  • A blood test to check for CMV antibodies
  • Amniocentesis (a test of the amniotic fluid) to see if the baby has been infected.

Ultrasounds may also help spot signs of CMV, like growth issues or brain abnormalities in the baby. However, many infections go unnoticed without testing.

What happens if CMV is confirmed in the baby?

If congenital CMV is diagnosed, the baby may be monitored closely during pregnancy. After birth, tests will confirm the diagnosis, including urine and saliva tests within the first three weeks of life.Some babies might be treated with antiviral medicines like Letermovir, available as Anvimo 240mg, especially if symptoms are severe. Early treatment can reduce complications but may not prevent all problems. Regular hearing checks and developmental follow-ups are essential.

What support is available for families?

Finding out your baby has CMV can be overwhelming. But support is out there. Hospitals may provide access to:

  • Paediatric infectious disease specialists
  • Audiologists and speech therapists
  • Developmental therapists
  • Parent support groups

Early intervention programmes help babies with CMV reach their full potential. Emotional support for parents is equally important, and counselling is highly recommended.

Can CMV return in future pregnancies?

CMV stays in the body for life, but the risk of serious infection in future pregnancies is lower. This is because the mother’s immune system usually keeps the virus in check.However, there is still a slight risk of passing it to the baby again, especially if the virus reactivates or the mother catches a different strain. Regular check-ups and talking to a doctor about past infections can help manage the risk.

What should every expectant mother remember about CMV?

CMV may be silent, but its impact is loud. Awareness is your best weapon. If you're pregnant or planning to be, speak with your healthcare provider about CMV. Testing might not be routine, but it can be life-changing if caught early.One simple step could protect your baby’s future. Whether it’s handwashing or avoiding shared cups, don’t underestimate the little things. Knowledge is power, and in this case, protection.

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