The Long-Term Impact of Undescended Testicles on Fertility and Hormones

When it comes to male reproductive health, undescended testicles, or cryptorchidism, are a significant concern that can impact fertility and hormone production if left untreated. This condition occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal growth. Although some cases resolve on their own, undescended testicles can lead to long-term health issues, particularly if not managed early. In this blog, we’ll take a closer look at the long-term impacts of undescended testicles on fertility and hormone levels and the available treatment options to address these challenges.

What are undescended testicles?

Undescended testicles are a congenital condition where one or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum after birth. The testicles typically develop in the abdomen during fetal development and descend into the scrotum later in pregnancy. However, in some cases, the descent does not happen, leading to undescended testicles. Key points to know about undescended testicles:

• It is more common in premature infants.
• It can affect full-term babies as well, though to a lesser extent.
• The exact cause is not always known but can involve genetic and environmental factors.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are important for reducing long-term complications.

Does an undescended testicle affect fertility?

One of the most significant long-term effects of undescended testicles is their impact on male fertility. Testicles need to be kept at a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body for optimal sperm production. The scrotum provides this environment by positioning the testicles outside the body.When a testicle remains undescended, it is exposed to higher body temperatures, which can interfere with sperm production and quality. Over time, this can lead to:

• Decreased sperm count: Heat can damage sperm cells, reducing their quantity.
• Poor sperm quality: The ability of sperm to move effectively (motility) or fertilise an egg can be impaired.
• Infertility: The risk of permanent infertility increases the longer the testicle remains undescended.

It’s important to note that early treatment can reduce these risks. Surgery to reposition the testicle (orchidopexy) performed within the first year of life typically improves fertility outcomes.

Can hormonal imbalance cause undescended testicles?

In addition to affecting fertility, undescended testicles can cause hormonal imbalances, particularly in the production of testosterone. Testosterone is important for male sexual development and overall health, affecting everything from muscle mass to mood regulation.If one or both testicles fail to descend, they may produce insufficient levels of testosterone. This can result in:

• Hypogonadism: A condition where testosterone levels are lower than normal, leading to a range of symptoms.
• Delayed puberty: Testosterone is necessary for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair and a deep voice.
• Decreased sexual drive: Low testosterone can lead to a reduced libido and erectile dysfunction.

In some cases, low testosterone levels can persist into adulthood, making it necessary to seek medical treatment to restore balance.

Can surgical treatment cure and prevent long-term effects of undescended testicles?

The most common treatment for undescended testicles is surgery, typically performed between 6 and 12 months of age. The procedure, known as orchidopexy, involves repositioning the testicle into the scrotum, where it can function properly. Benefits of early surgical intervention include:

• Restoration of normal testicular function: Improved sperm production and testosterone levels.
• Reduced risk of complications: There is a decreased risk of testicular cancer and other health issues.
• Enhanced fertility potential: Early treatment improves the chances of fathering children in the future.

If a testicle is severely damaged or cannot be repositioned, it may need to be removed. This may impact testosterone levels but does not always cause infertility, and additional treatments may be needed.

Can Medical Interventions Support Fertility and Hormone Production After Undescended Testicles?

Yes, for men with long-term testicular damage due to undescended testicles, additional treatments like Hucog HP 10000IU Injection containing Chorionic Gonadotropin may be necessary. This treatment mimics the luteinising hormone (LH), stimulating testosterone and sperm production. Some benefits include:

• Restoring testosterone levels
• Improving sperm production and motility
• Enhancing fertility outcomes, especially when combined with other treatments

What are the psychological impacts of undescended testicles?

Beyond the physical and medical effects, undescended testicles can also have psychological consequences. The emotional impact of infertility, coupled with the stigma around male reproductive health, can affect a person’s mental well-being. Some potential psychological challenges include:

• Low self-esteem: Concerns about fertility and masculinity can cause self-doubt.
• Anxiety and depression: The stress of dealing with infertility can lead to mental health issues.
• Relationship strain: Issues surrounding fertility may create tension in romantic relationships.

For these reasons, it’s important for men dealing with undescended testicles to seek counselling and emotional support in addition to medical treatment. Addressing the psychological aspects of the condition can improve the overall quality of life.

Wrapping up

Undescended testicles are a common birth condition that can impact fertility and hormone levels if untreated. Early diagnosis and surgery are key to preventing complications. When needed, additional treatments can support testosterone production and fertility. Addressing both physical and emotional effects helps improve the quality of life and the chances of fatherhood. With proper care, most men can lead healthy, normal lives.